1. Executive Summary 执行摘要

BDIC is a 500 MW green hyperscale AI data centre campus in Bogor, West Java, positioned as Southeast Asia's first at-scale, power-secured, renewable-led, AI-native infrastructure play. ByteDance is the keystone anchor. BDIC 是位于印尼西爪哇茂物的 500 兆瓦绿色超大规模 AI 数据中心园区,定位为东南亚首个规模化、电力锁定、可再生能源主导、AI 原生的基础设施标的。ByteDance 为基石锚户。

Land Area
土地面积
181 ha
Single contiguous parcel · rare in Java
Phase 1
一期规模
100 MW
USD 820-900M · Month 30-36 COD
Blended Power
混合电价
$0.062/kWh
vs Singapore $0.12-0.16 · 2× advantage
Tax Holiday
税收假期
20 years
PMK 69/2024 · pioneering industry

Highlights 核心亮点

  • Power de-risked from Day-1 — >80% renewable PPAs (geothermal + solar) signed pre-FID; blended cost 2× cheaper than Singapore
  • Anchor secured — ByteDance 30-80 MW initial, ramping to 150-250 MW strategic scale under a 10-year BTS lease
  • Infrastructure-grade returns — Project IRR 15-22% (unlevered), MOIC 2.0-3.2×, EBITDA margin 55-65%
  • Bankable structure — 65% senior debt from DFIs (IFC / ADB / AIIB), 35% equity, HoldCo SG/HK
  • Government tailwind — 20-year CIT holiday, OSS-RBA fast-track, KEK Nongsa Digital Park playbook, JFT facilitation
  • First-mover moat — Zero comparable 500 MW hyperscale campus exists in Java today

2. Investment Thesis 投资逻辑

Four structural forces converge at BDIC — making this the defining AI infrastructure bet in Southeast Asia. 四大结构性力量在 BDIC 汇合,使之成为东南亚 AI 基础设施的标杆性押注。

01

Demand Is Irreversible 需求不可逆

  • ByteDance anchor: 30-80 MW initial, 150-250 MW strategic scale
  • AI training & inference exploding across SEA — no comparable supply
  • Indonesia data localisation law (PDP) forces in-country build
  • Google, Alibaba Cloud, AWS actively seeking SEA expansion nodes
02

Power De-Risked From Day-1 Day-1 电力去风险

  • >80% renewable PPAs signed before FID — geothermal + solar
  • Blended energy cost ~$0.062/kWh vs Singapore $0.12-0.16/kWh
  • Multi-point 150 kV PLN grid intake; 30 MW BESS ramp buffer
  • No power queue — unlike Singapore, Frankfurt, Northern Virginia
03

Infrastructure-Grade Returns 基础设施级回报

  • BTS leases: 10-15 year anchor terms, USD $110-140/kW/month
  • CAPEX USD 7.5-8.5M/MW ex-land; project-financed 65% debt
  • CIT Holiday under PMK 69/2024 (up to 20 years)
  • Total platform USD 4.0-4.4B; Phase 1 USD 820-900M
04

Structurally Defensible Moat 结构性护城河

  • 181 ha land in SPV — largest permitted hyperscale plot in Java
  • Tier III+/IV availability, PUE 1.15-1.20, liquid-first AI cooling
  • Carrier-neutral connectivity; metro fibre + SKKL wavelengths
  • Government-backed JFT facilitation; KEK Nongsa playbook

3. Market Opportunity 市场机会

Southeast Asia is the world's fastest-growing data centre market — and Indonesia is the epicentre. 东南亚是全球增速最快的数据中心市场——印尼是其震中。

SEA DC Market by 2030
2030 年东南亚 DC 市场
$23B+
Indonesia Share of SEA DC Demand
印尼占东南亚 DC 需求
~35%
Indonesian Internet Users
印尼互联网用户
280M+
500 MW Hyperscale Campuses in Java Today
爪哇现有 500MW 级园区
Zero

Why Indonesia — Why Now 为什么是印尼、为什么是现在

DriverImpact
Digital Sovereignty 数字主权PDP Law No. 27/2022 mandates local data storage for Indonesian users — hyperscalers must build in-country.
AI Compute Deficit AI 算力短缺Regional AI clusters (ByteDance, Alibaba, Google) are supply-constrained; Singapore is power-gated, Johor filling fast.
Unbeatable Power Cost 无可匹敌的电价Blended $0.062/kWh renewable vs $0.12-0.16/kWh in Singapore — 2× cost advantage in the highest OPEX line item.
Government Tailwind 政府顺风President Prabowo's 'Digital Indonesia' agenda; 20-year CIT holiday; OSS-RBA fast-track; Joint Facilitation Team.
300M Consumer Base 3 亿消费基数275M population, 57% internet penetration growing to 80%+ — latency-sensitive AI inference demands local compute.

4. Project at a Glance 项目一览

Ultimate IT Load
终期 IT 负载
500 MW
Gross Land Area
总用地面积
181 ha
First Energisation
首期投运
100 MW
Phase 1
Phase 1 CAPEX
一期资本支出
$820-900M
Renewable Day-1
Day-1 可再生占比
>80%
Campus PUE
园区 PUE
1.15-1.20
Per-Rack Density
机柜功率密度
30-80 kW
Anchor Lease Term
锚户租期
10-15 yr

5. Site & Location — Bogor, West Java 选址与场地

Location 位置Mulyaharja / Palasari / Pamoyanan, South Bogor
Gross Area 总面积~181 ha (447 acres)
Net Campus 园区净用地~125 ha — data halls, power, cooling, roads
Buffer Zone 缓冲带~56 ha — green belt, stormwater, resilience
Distance from Jakarta 距雅加达~60 km via Jagorawi Toll; 45 min drive
Elevation 海拔~300-350 m ASL — cooler ambient temps
Seismic 抗震SNI 1726 compliant; IFC EHS standards
Grid Access 电网接入GI Sentul / GI Bogor Baru / GI Cibinong (5-15 km)
Water 水源Ciawi / Cisadane catchment; WUE < 0.2 L/kWh
Bogor Inner Ring Road (BIRR) provides direct arterial access. Elevated inland site avoids Jakarta subsidence risk entirely. 茂物内环 (BIRR) 直接干道通达;高地内陆场地完全规避雅加达地面沉降风险。

Campus Zone Allocation 园区功能分区

Zone功能区Share占比
Data Hall Zones (AI + HPC)数据机房区(AI + HPC)45-50%
Power Infrastructure (HV/MV, BESS)电力基础设施(高压/中压、储能)10-15%
Cooling Systems (CDU / CT / CRAC)冷却系统10-15%
Green Belt & Stormwater绿化带与雨水管理15-20%
Roads, O&M, Connectivity PoPs道路、运维、连接节点~10%

6. Phased Development — 100 → 500 MW 分期开发路线图

Capital-efficient, demand-anchored phasing — each phase triggers the next. No speculative build. 资本高效、以需求为锚的分期节奏——每一期触发下一期,无投机性建设。

Phase 1 · Years 1-3
100 MW
USD 820-900M
  • Anchor hall: ByteDance 30-80 MW
  • HV grid 150 kV, 2× GI feeds
  • BESS 30 MW / 160 MWh
  • Solar + geothermal PPAs >80% renewable
  • Carrier-neutral PoP + dark fibre
  • Tier III+ / hybrid Tier IV
Phase 2 · Years 3-5
+150 MW
USD 1.1-1.3B incremental
  • Scale ByteDance + Alibaba/Google/AWS
  • Additional HV intake (multi-point)
  • Expand BESS to 75-100 MW
  • Full liquid-cooling build-out
  • Floating solar PPAs (200-300 MWp)
  • Near-100% renewable matching
Phase 3 · Years 5-10
+250 MW
USD 2.0-2.2B incremental
  • 500 MW campus fully energised
  • 800V HVDC-ready distribution
  • BESS 200+ MW / 1 GWh campus total
  • CLS subsea cable participation
  • Potential IPO / REIT exit optionality
  • Full 24/7 renewable matching

7. Power Architecture & Green Energy 电力架构与绿色能源

Grid-hardened. Renewable-first. Bankable. PPA-led portfolio: ground solar + geothermal backbone, BESS-enabled, scalable to 100% over time. 电网加固,可再生优先,可银团化融资。以 PPA 为主导:地面光伏 + 地热基荷,BESS 使能,可逐步扩至 100%。

Energy Portfolio 能源组合

Source来源Share占比Cost (¢/kWh)电价Role角色
Ground Solar (PPA)地面光伏35-40%4.5-6.5¢Lowest LCOE, fastest COD
Geothermal (PPA)地热30-35%8.0-9.5¢Firm clean baseload
Floating Solar (PPA)漂浮式光伏10-15%5.5-7.5¢Scale without land risk
PLN Grid + RECsPLN 电网 + 绿证10-15%7.0-9.0¢Balancing / bridge
BESS (30 MW / 160 MWh)储能电池系统EnablesRamp smoothing, firming
Blended energy cost ~$0.062/kWh vs SGD $0.12-0.16/kWh in Singapore. PLN Grid: 150 kV Java-Bali Transmission · Candidates: GI Sentul, GI Bogor Baru, GI Cibinong (5-15 km) · Multi-point HV intake for N+1 resiliency · Phase 1 power contract targeted pre-FID.

ESG & Green Financing Advantage ESG 与绿色融资优势

  • Green Financing Access: SLLs, green bonds, ECA cover, EPC supplier credit — lower cost of debt vs brown-power alternatives
  • PLN GEAS / RECs: Immediately available RECs for 100% annual matching from Day-1
  • Hyperscaler Requirement: Microsoft, Google, Meta, ByteDance all have corporate net-zero pledges — green campus is a pre-condition for large leases
  • Regulatory Direction: Indonesia NDC targets 23% renewable by 2025, 34% by 2030 — regulator tailwind, not headwind
  • BDIC Blended Cost ~$0.072/kWh — 100% renewable annual matching achievable; clear 24/7 matching pathway

8. Technical Infrastructure — AI-Ready Day-1 技术架构

AI-native from Day-1. Future-proof to 2030+. Day-1 即为 AI 原生,面向 2030+ 前瞻设计。

Availability 可用性

  • Tier III+ / Hybrid Tier IV design
  • N+1 cooling, 2N power to rack
  • Multi-path HV grid intake
  • >99.9999% availability target

Cooling 冷却

  • Liquid-first D2C (Direct-to-Chip)
  • Warm water 30-35°C supply / 40-45°C return
  • 60-75% heat capture Day-1; 85-90% future
  • 5-10 MW modular cooling pods, N+1
  • WUE < 0.2 L/kWh (world-class)

AI Density AI 密度

  • 30-80 kW/rack base AI zones
  • ≥120 kW/rack future provisioned
  • NVIDIA DGX H100/H200/B200 certified
  • GB200 NVL72 (132 kW/rack) ready
  • 800V / HVDC-ready design pathway

Efficiency 效率

  • Campus PUE: 1.15-1.20 at stabilised load
  • AI-zone PUE: ~1.10-1.12
  • Inline with Google fleet PUE 1.09 benchmark
  • IEC 30134-2 certified measurement

Connectivity 网络连接

  • Carrier-neutral PoP, dual metro fibre
  • Jakarta IX peering (2 independent providers)
  • Leased wavelengths to Telin / Telkom / Biznet SKKL
  • Optional CLS submarine cable participation

EPC Delivery EPC 交付

  • Chinese Tier-1 EPC; FIDIC Silver Book
  • Fixed-price LSTK (~65-70% Phase 1 CAPEX)
  • Liquidated damages; performance guarantees
  • ~24-36 months Phase 1 delivery target

9. Anchor Client Strategy 锚定客户策略

Anchors commit first — capital follows. ByteDance as keystone; full tenant stack to 500 MW. 锚户先承诺,资本跟随。ByteDance 为基石,租户栈可支撑至 500 MW。

TIER 1 · ANCHOR
ByteDanceStrategic rationale: Indonesia PDP localisation mandate + TikTok content moderation + AI inference for 280M Indonesian users
30-80 MW → 150-250 MW
$110-130/kW/mo · 10+ yr BTS
Tier 1B
Regional AI CloudAlibaba Cloud / AWS
20-50 MW
$120-140/kW/mo
Tier 2
Indosat / Telkom Indonesia (Telkomsel)
10-30 MW each
$100-120/kW/mo
Tier 2B
Govt / SOE (BUMN Digital)
10-40 MW
$95-115/kW/mo
Tier 3
Financial ServicesBCA, Mandiri, BRI
5-20 MW
$105-125/kW/mo
Tier 4
Industrial AIManufacturing, E-Commerce
10-30 MW
$100-120/kW/mo
Tier 5
Singapore OverflowDC-constrained tenants
20-60 MW
$115-135/kW/mo

10. Connectivity — Carrier-Neutral, Metro-First 网络连接

Metro & Domestic 城域与国内

  • 2 × independent metro fibre providers to Jakarta IX
  • Dual Points of Presence (PoPs) on campus
  • Jakarta IX peering: diverse entry/exit routing
  • Dark fibre to Equinix JK1/JK2 for cloud on-ramps
  • Carrier-neutral design: no vendor lock-in

International Subsea 国际海缆

  • Leased wavelengths via Telin/Telkom SKKL systems
  • Access to Biznet (BDI-1), Moratel (IM-1) SEA cables
  • Strategic upside: optional CLS (Common Landing Station) participation
  • Singapore-Jakarta latency ~12-15 ms (campus target)
  • Dual-path international redundancy built in

Cloud Connectivity 云连接

  • AWS Direct Connect, Azure ExpressRoute, Google Cloud Interconnect via Jakarta IX
  • Alibaba Cloud Express Connect (critical for ByteDance ecosystem)
  • Telkom IndiCloud and Indosat DX peering on-site
  • Carrier-neutral IX fabric: BGP route diversity
  • Latency to Singapore <20 ms; HK <50 ms; Tokyo <70 ms
Connectivity Strategy Principle: BDIC is a carrier-neutral wholesale campus — no long-term exclusivity with any single connectivity provider. Tenants can bring their own circuits, buy bundled services from BDIC, or connect through any PoP-resident carrier. This maximises tenant flexibility and supports premium lease pricing.

11. Financial Overview 财务概览

Infrastructure-grade returns. Hyperscaler-grade lease security. 基础设施级回报,超大规模客户级租约保障。

Phase 1 CAPEX Breakdown (USD 820-900M) 一期 CAPEX 拆解

Component科目%USD M
Data Hall Civil + Structure数据机房土建 + 结构25-28%~210-250
EPC (Power + Cooling systems)EPC(电力 + 冷却系统)30-34%~245-300
BESS (30 MW / 160 MWh)储能电池系统6-8%~50-70
Grid Interconnection & HV并网与高压设施5-7%~42-60
Connectivity + PoP网络连接 + PoP2-3%~18-25
EPCM, Soft costs, ContingencyEPCM、软成本、备用金10-12%~85-110
Land (injected as equity)土地(作股权注入)8-10%~70-90

Return Metrics 回报指标

Revenue (100 MW @ 85% util)
收入(100MW 85% 利用)
$112-142M/yr
EBITDA Margin
EBITDA 利润率
55-65%
Project IRR (Equity)
项目 IRR(股权)
15-22%
MOIC (5-7 yr hold)
投资倍数(持有 5-7 年)
2.0-3.2×
DSCR (Senior Debt)
优先债偿债覆盖倍数
>1.35×
CIT Holiday (PMK 69/2024)
企业所得税假期
Up to 20 yr
Breakeven Utilisation
保本利用率
~55%
Phase 1 CAPEX Intensity
一期单位造价
$7.5-8.5M/MW

Revenue assumes $110-140/kW/month BTS lease rate. IRR pre-tax, unlevered project basis. All figures illustrative; subject to final underwriting.

12. Capital Structure — Phase 1 (USD 820-900M) 资本结构 · 一期

Senior Debt (60-65%)

  • Target: USD 535-585M at closing
  • Tenor: 12-15 year term loan
  • Providers: DFIs (IFC, ADB, AIIB), regional bank clubs
  • ECA cover from EPC suppliers (Sinosure, K-Sure)
  • Security: land, leases, PPAs, project cash flows
  • DSCR covenant: >1.35× (base case 1.55×)

Equity (30-35%)

  • Target: USD 285-315M at FID
  • Land injected as sponsor equity at appraised value
  • Equity investors: infra funds, sovereign wealth, family offices
  • HoldCo (SG/HK) for investor aggregation + exit optionality
  • Sell-down / REIT exit post-stabilisation
  • Minimum 25% co-invest from development sponsor

Green / Alternative Financing 绿色 / 替代融资

  • SLLs and green bonds for BESS and PPA assets
  • Supplier credit from Chinese EPC (CRCC, PowerChina)
  • Government facilitation: PLN take-or-pay guarantees
  • Potential BUMN co-investment (Telkom, PLN Nusantara)
  • Tax Holiday reduces effective cost of equity by 3-5%
  • Stage-gate drawdowns match construction milestones

13. Competitive Positioning 竞争定位

BDIC is the only power-secured, AI-ready, renewable-led hyperscale campus available at scale in Indonesia. BDIC 是印尼唯一一个规模级、电力已锁、AI 就绪、可再生能源主导的超大规模园区。

Dimension维度BDIC (Bogor)SingaporeJohor (MY)Jakarta (Peers)Ashburn (USA)
Power Availability电力可用性✓ Secured✗ Gate-queued✓ Available△ Constrained✗ Severe queue
Renewable % Day-1Day-1 可再生占比>80% PPA~30-50%~50% (YTL solar)~20-40%~50% procured
AI Density (kW/rack)AI 机柜密度30-120 kW30-80 kW30-80+ kW20-60 kW30-80+ kW
Data Loc. Mandate数据本地化要求✓ PDP Law✓ PDP Law
CAPEX Intensity/MW单位造价$7.5-8.5M$12-16M$8-11M$7-10M$10-14M
Tax Incentive税收激励20yr CIT HolidayPioneer StatusCIT HolidayIRA credits
Land Availability土地可用性181 ha securedMoratoriumActive; limitedUrban; complexScarce
Scale Potential规模潜力≤500 MW>100 MW: rare≤500 MW (YTL)≤200 MWGW-scale market

✓ = structural advantage · △ = neutral/improving · ✗ = structural constraint

14. Government Incentives & Regulatory Pathway 政策与监管路径

Fiscal & Non-Fiscal Incentives 财政与非财政激励

Corporate Income Tax HolidayPMK 69/2024 (amending PMK 130/2020) — up to 20 years CIT exemption; eligible as 'pioneering industry' (digital infrastructure)
Import Duty & VAT FacilitiesCustoms exemption on critical data centre equipment; PLN-supplied power exempt from sector VAT in certain structures
OSS-RBA Fast-TrackOnline Single Submission — risk-based streamlined licensing; BKPM Investment Board priority facilitation
Joint Facilitation Team (JFT)Cross-ministry task force guaranteeing SLA response times on regulatory milestones; President-level mandate for strategic projects
PLN GEAS / RECsImmediately available Green Energy Approval System certificates for 100% annual renewable matching from Day-1
KEK Nongsa PlaybookBatam KEK Nongsa Digital Park precedent: full fiscal zone + connectivity + regulatory streamlining — replicable model for BDIC

Regulatory Pathway (6 Steps) 监管路径 6 步

Step 1
SPV Incorporation + NIB
PT BDIC registered; NIB via OSS-RBA
Step 2
KKPR Land Conformity
Spatial planning approval from ATR/BPN
Step 3
AMDAL / UKL-UPL
Environmental impact assessment (6-9 mo)
Step 4
PBG + SLF
Building permit + occupancy certificate
Step 5
PLN Grid Agreement
Surat Ketersediaan Daya + interconnection
Step 6
PSE + PDP Registration
Electronic System Provider (Kominfo) + PDP

15. SPV & Legal Structure SPV 与法律架构

Clean risk allocation, bankable security package, tax-holiday compatible, lender-aligned governance. 清晰的风险分配,可银团化担保包,兼容税假,与贷款人对齐的治理架构。

BDIC Holdings Pte. Ltd.
HoldCo (Singapore or HK) · Equity aggregation, exits
PT BDIC — Project SPV
The bankable "single point of truth" · Land + all material contracts + project financing + signatory authority
PT BDIC O&M
Operations
PT BDIC Power
BESS Assets
PT BDIC Connect
IRUs / Fibre
PT BDIC Property
Non-core RE

Key Documents & Signatory Matrix 关键文件与签署矩阵

DocumentCounterpartyRequired Signatory
Land Acquisition (HGB/HPL)BDIC SPVPresident Director + Board
EPC Contract (FIDIC Silver)BDIC SPVPresident Director + CFO (dual-sign)
PLN / Utility AgreementsBDIC SPVPresident Director
Renewable PPAsBDIC SPVPresident Director + CFO (dual-sign)

16. Risk Analysis & Mitigants 风险与缓释

Risk风险Impact影响Prob概率Mitigation缓释
PLN Grid DelayPLN 电网延误HighMediumMulti-point HV intake; BESS bridge; pre-FID grid confirmation covenant in lending docs
Anchor Tenant Walkaway锚户退出HighLowLOI/HOA structure with termination fees; target secondary anchors (Alibaba, Google, AWS) in parallel
EPC Cost OverrunEPC 造价超支MediumLowFixed-price LSTK contract; LDs; 10-12% contingency; FIDIC Silver Book; Chinese Tier-1 EPC track record
Renewable PPA Delay可再生 PPA 延迟MediumLowPLN RECs available Day-1 as bridge; geothermal (existing licenses) near-immediate; staggered PPA closing
Regulatory / Permitting监管与许可MediumMediumJFT fast-track; OSS-RBA risk-based; AMDAL started early; KEK Nongsa precedent de-risks pathway
FX (IDR/USD)汇率(印尼盾/美元)MediumMediumLeases denominated in USD; debt in USD/SGD; BESS and civil costs partially hedged in IDR (local cost base)
Seismic / Natural Hazard地震 / 自然灾害MediumLowSNI 1726 seismic design; Bogor inland elevation avoids Jakarta subsidence; IFC EHS standards
Geopolitical (ByteDance)地缘政治(ByteDance)Low-MedLowTenant stack designed to not exceed 35% single-tenant concentration; sovereign / BUMN tenants as anchors of last resort

17. Development Milestones & Critical Path 开发里程碑与关键路径

Anchors commit → Capital follows → Construction → Energisation 锚户承诺 → 资本跟随 → 建设 → 投运

Phase 0
Month 0-1
  • Strategic readiness confirmed
  • LOI/HOA with ByteDance
  • SPV formed (PT BDIC)
  • JFT engagement initiated
Phase 1A
Month 1-4
  • Land into SPV + HGB title
  • Renewable PPA term sheets
  • PLN grid feasibility confirmed
  • EPC shortlist + FIDIC draft
Phase 1B
Month 4-8
  • AMDAL submission
  • KKPR approval
  • Lender mandate letters
  • EPC fixed-price agreed
FID
Month 8-12
  • Anchor lease signed
  • Debt documentation closed
  • EPC contract executed
  • Land injected as equity
Construction
Month 12-36
  • HV grid + BESS civil work
  • Data hall structure + MEP
  • Cooling system install
  • Connectivity PoP build
COD Ph.1
Month 30-36
  • Phase 1 energisation (100 MW)
  • Tenant fit-out + commissioning
  • Tier III+ certification
  • Phase 2 planning starts

18. Why Invest Now — Five Reasons This Window Will Close 投资时机 · 五个窗口即将关闭的理由

1

ByteDance LOI Window Is Now

Anchor commitment is the gating item — capital follows contracts. ByteDance is actively evaluating SEA capacity now; a 6-month delay risks losing the anchor to Johor or Bangkok competitors.

2

Land Is Already Secured

181 ha in a single parcel is extremely rare at this scale in Java. The site is pre-screened for HV access, seismic compliance, and water sourcing. Replicating this takes 3-5 years.

3

Power Queue Before It Forms

Indonesia's hyperscale market is 2-3 years behind Singapore's bottleneck. Locking in PLN grid capacity and renewable PPAs now — before the queue — is a durable 10-year cost advantage.

4

Tax Holiday at Peak Value

PMK 69/2024 CIT holiday is available but oversubscribed; BDIC qualifies as pioneering industry. The 20-year holiday represents a USD 200-400M NPV benefit vs a conventional investment.

5

First-Mover AI Infrastructure Premium

SEA's first 500 MW AI-native campus in Indonesia commands 20-30% lease premium over followers. Once ByteDance, AWS, and Alibaba are signed, the moat is effectively unassailable.